Who is famous for the study of sugars and carboyhdrate chemistry? He established the stereochemical configuration of all the known sugars and isomers.
The C carbon farthest (really the second last carbon) from the carbonyl group has the OH group to the right How do you know if the sugar is in D configuration? Single molecule has more than one chiral carbon atom that differs in handedness at one carbon but not at the other - do NOT have identical chemical properties (spatial relationship among atoms are different)ĭiastereomer (left hand + right foot = right hand + left foot) see p.261 example (handedness=optical activity)Įnantiomer (left hand+ left foot = right hand + right foot) Have identical chemical properties with assymetrical structure - left hand and right hand form of mlc.When polarized light is passed through mlcs the plane of polarization is bent in opposite directions for each. Sugars contain one carbonyl group and 2 carbons with hydroxy groupsįour substituents on carbon are all different allowing it to exist in either a right handed or left handed form. Why are glycerol and acetone not sugars? p.257 Triose (contain 3 carbon atoms -one carbonyl group and 2 carbons with hydroxy groups)Īldose (glyceraldehyde) and ketose (dihydroxyacetone) Monosaccharides contain two organic functional groups?Ĭarbonyl (C=O) group (ketone or aldehyde)and at least 2 carbons bearing hydroxyl groups Therefore sugars are polyhydroxy aldehydes (aldose) or polyhydroxy ketones (ketose) Very water soluble, poorly soluble in organic solvents, colorless, and most are sweet Chemical properties that all monosaccharides share
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